General Information

Things I Have Seen and Heard is a 15-question structured interview that probes young children's exposure to violence and violence-related themes in an age-appropriate format. Each item describes a different form of violent theme.

Number of Versions:	1
Version:	Things I Have Seen and Heard
Author(s):	John E. Richters & Pedro Martinez
Date of Publication:	1990
Material(s) Needed for Test:	Instrument
Manual:	Not Available
Charge for one form or kit:	No

Purpose and Nature of Test

Construct(s) Measured:	Violence
Population for which designed:	Age Range: 6 through 14 years old Grade Level: First Grade to High School Freshman
Method of Administration:	Individual
Source of Information:	Self
Subtests and Scores:	No scales
Number of Items:	15
Type of Scale:	Likert

Technical Evaluation

Norms: 

Sample Size:	436
Population:	Students in a public school system in a large city in the Southeastern United States.
Culture/ethnicity:	African-American
SES Level:	Low

Reliability: 

Psychometric information:	Provided for Full Scales.
The range of Test-Retest Value:	0.81
The range of Inter-rater reliability:	Not assessed
The range of Internal consistency:	0.76 to 0.80

Validity: 

Criterion validity data has not been presented or published in study.

Practical Evaluation

Scoring Procedure:	Manual Scoring
Examiner Qualifications and Training Required:	None
Permission Required to Use Instrument:	Yes
If yes, by whom:	John E. Richters

Notes

Original Reference(s):

Richters, J. E., & Martinez, P. (1993). The NIMH Community Violence Project: I. Children as victims of and witnesses to violence. Psychiatry: Intepersonal & Biological Processes, 56, 7-21.

Other Reference(s):

Farrell, A. D., & Bruce, S. E. (1997). Impact of exposure to community violence on violent behaviors and emotional distress among urban adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 2-14. White, K. S., Bruce, S. E., Farrell, A. D., & Kliewer, W. (1998). Impact of exposure to community violence on anxiety: A longitudinal study of family social support as a protective factor for urban children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7 (2), 187-203.

Contact

Name:	John E. Richters
Organization:	University of Maryland
Address:	Department of Human Development and Institute for Child Study, Benjamin Building, Room 4104
City:	College Park
State:	MD
Zip:	20742
Phone:	(301) 309-2206
E-mail:	jrichter@nih.gov
Other:	Child and Adolescent Disorders Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857

Last updated by Violence Institute of New Jersey:  February 2007